Asian Development Bank
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This report analyzes how to untangle and simplify the complex product-specific rules of origin (PSRO) in free trade agreements in Asia and the Pacific and explores how technology can cut red tape and reduce inefficiencies impacting trade. It compares the leniency and stringency of PSROs under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in terms of manufacturing requirements with those contained in ASEAN+1 free trade agreements. Assessing...
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This publication analyzes the risks of digital transformation and shows how context-aware and integrated risk management can advance the digitally resilient development projects needed to build a more sustainable and equitable future. The publication outlines ADB's digital risk assessment tools, looks at the role of development partners, and considers issues including cybersecurity, third-party digital risk management, and the ethical risks of artificial...
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This publication assesses the Kyrgyz Republic's rising exposure to landslides and looks at how ADB is providing a $35 million finance package to develop a risk reduction program designed to boost preparedness and cut their impact. Explaining why factors including rainfall patterns and high seismic activity make the country prone to landslides, it shows that over 30,000 people are at immediate risk from the events with women and marginalized groups...
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This publication examines an alternative way to provide education more efficiently and effectively through public–private partnerships by looking into the secondary education policy of the Republic of Korea and Japan. Focusing on the financial support for private schools and on the accountability system, it explores the contribution of public–private partnerships in universal secondary education in these two countries. Despite initial challenges,...
5) Manual for Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Transport Infrastructure in Central Asia With A
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This manual provides an overview of climate-driven stressors relevant to transport infrastructure in Central Asia and explores adaptation strategies. Over the next decades, the effects of climate change will likely exert considerable pressure on the transport infrastructure of Central Asia. In response, policymakers and the engineering community need to implement resilient yet sustainable designs and construction solutions. This resource provides...
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This report assesses how Indonesia is implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the subnational government (SNG) level, identifies gaps and good practices, and outlines ways to speed up progress. It assesses the funding mechanisms and robust legal frameworks governing Indonesia's SNGs and tracks a consistent pattern of progress across its provinces towards most of the SDGs. The report shows why Indonesia needs to find...