Asian Development Bank
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Since 2017, the Asia—Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index (ARCII) has been used for monitoring progress in various dimensions of regional cooperation and integration (RCI). This report discusses how the enhanced ARCII framework incorporates two new dimensions (digital connectivity and environmental cooperation) and other methodological innovations to capture the increasingly complex nature of RCI. With these new features, the report...
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This publication provides an overview of key development successes and constraints in Indonesia's energy sector. It reviews the support extended by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners together with an update on the government's energy plans and strategies. In line with ADB's 2020—2024 country partnership strategy for Indonesia, an outline of strategic initiatives and background information for energy investments and technical...
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This report analyzes e-commerce in Asia and the Pacific, assesses its environmental impact, and explains why providing adequate internet, online payments, and last-mile logistics is key to creating a sustainable and inclusive digital marketplace. Noting the region makes up the largest share of the world's online retail market, it tracks the impact of the pandemic and emphasizes the need to level the playing field for small businesses. It outlines...
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is significantly impacting the development and life cycle of public—private partnership (PPP) projects in Asia and the Pacific. This has led to disruptions in trade, production, and supply chains as well as sharp declines in consumption and investment. This guidance note examines the impacts of COVID-19 on PPP projects in region including the implications for contractual arrangements. It presents governance practices...
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This is a guide for establishing and developing urban primary health centers (UPHCs) according to India's National Health Mission framework, and using public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements with nongovernment organizations. It can be used by all states, regardless of where they are in the development and realization of their strategy, policies, and processes with respect to PPPs in UPHCs. For states that already have such a program, this may...
6) Carbon Offsetting in International Aviation in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities
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The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) has an important role to play in the aviation industry's efforts to meet its emission reduction targets. The scheme could also benefit developing countries in Asia and the Pacific as a source of these carbon offsets. This report provides climate policy makers and carbon offset suppliers in the region with detailed information about the CORSIA scheme, including the aviation...
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This guidebook analyzes India's plans to use rooftop solar power to boost its renewable energy, explains the benefits it offers, and details why new business models and market mechanisms would drive greater adoption. It examines India's renewable energy targets and explains why rooftop solar generation has been slow to increase despite an enabling policy environment and attractive economics. It identifies the roles and responsibilities of various...
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This publication provides an overview of institutional investors' interest in green bonds issued in Thailand, along with an assessment of the perspectives of local arrangers and underwriters on their clients' interest in green bond issuance. It presents the results of a survey to help identify market drivers, impediments, and development priorities for Thailand's sustainable finance market. The findings and insights in this publication can help the...
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This publication presents findings of a study on the availability and provision of long-term care (LTC) in Mongolia including the need for and supply of LTC, regulatory and policy frameworks, service provision, quality management, human resources, and financing. Analysis, conclusions, and recommendations for the development of LTC systems in Mongolia are also included. It contributes to the development of an in-depth knowledge base on LTC policies,...
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The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a knowledge-sharing product developed as a key resource for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) development policies in Asia and the Pacific. The ASM 2021 Volume IV reports on a technical exercise for developing an empirically rigorous index that measures various dimensions affecting MSME development in developing Asia.
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This report provides key information about the 2020 financial operations of trust funds, global funds and special funds administered by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It includes an assessment of how these trust funds helped ADB's developing member countries respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The contribution made by the funds to the operational priorities of ADB's Strategy 2030 is also discussed.
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This final volume of the Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor 2020 sets out ADB's work so far on a new composite index called the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Index (SME-DI) to help guide support for the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The SME-DI aims to measure MSME development and access to finance using multivariate analysis of national MSME data. The volume includes the results of testing...
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This report explains how rising climate and disaster risk is set to increase the vulnerability of Asia and the Pacific region's urban poor and identifies how to engender systemic change to strengthen their resilience. It stresses the need for targeted actions to tackle the underlying drivers of vulnerability and to make the urban poor central to decision-making. It shows why households, neighborhoods, and cities are key entry points for the investment...
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The development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) remains key to promoting inclusive growth in developing economies in Asia and the Pacific. The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) provides data and analysis as a resource for evidence-based policy design on MSME development. The ASM 2020 focuses on Southeast Asia and this first volume reviews the financial and non-financial conditions of MSMEs at country and regional...
16) Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: Drawing Lessons from the Joint Crediting Mechanism (Version II)
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Carbon pricing is a key element of the broader climate policy architecture that can help countries reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cost-effectively, while mobilizing fiscal resources to foster green recovery and growth. This publication introduces carbon pricing instruments and provides insights on how they can be designed to stimulate and not constrain economic activity in the context of recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)...
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ADB's Strategy 2030's first operational priority focuses on addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities through a three-pronged strategy: investing in human capital and social protection, facilitating access to good-quality jobs, and reducing inequality of opportunity through such means as removing barriers to access to services and infrastructure, especially for the poor and vulnerable. The Strategy commits ADB to increasing its emphasis...
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Supply chain disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have underscored the need for digital and paperless trade procedures to facilitate trade. This report reviews the impact of trade facilitation initiatives on trade costs in Asia and the Pacific since the pandemic began. A special chapter examines the pandemic's impact on the supply chains of critical goods such as vaccines, personal protective equipment, and food, and provides...
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Technology-based startup enterprises are an increasingly important part of the business landscape in Asia and the Pacific. By applying innovative technologies to create new products and services, they can make a significant contribution to economic development while generating social and environmental benefits. However, to survive and then thrive, tech startups require an enabling ecosystem that includes supportive government policy, and adequate...
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The rapid growth of fintech services in Asia and the Pacific can help countries leapfrog the challenges of traditional financial services infrastructure and dramatically increase access to financial services. An inclusive fintech ecosystem is essential to support economic growth, greater equality, and lower poverty levels. This publication details how to better understand and provide an enabling policy and regulatory environment to promote responsible...