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Cumulative transport investments under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program reached $23. 4 billion in 2017 through which approximately 9,964 kilometers of expressways or national highways were built or improved. For the upkeep of road corridors, CAREC countries agreed to take measures to set up road funds and road tolling to ensure adequate maintenance funding. This guide presents fundamental concepts of road tolling; addresses...
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Cambodia's transport sector plays a critical role in the country's economic development by supporting growth in key sectors such as agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and construction. This publication examines Cambodia's transport sector performance, major development constraints, and the government's strategy and plans. It also reflects on lessons learned from past Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance and identifies potential areas for future...
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This report provides a snapshot view of road safety conditions in 11 Central Asia Regional Economic cooperation (CAREC) member countries. It shows the status of key road safety issues in each country, progress toward national policies, and the actions taken toward achieving the objectives of the CAREC Road Safety Action Plan. The information in this report will help development partners identify priorities, resources, and possible actions to help...
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The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a knowledge-sharing product developed as a key resource for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise development policies in Asia and the Pacific. The ASM 2020 Volume III is a Thematic Chapter on financial technology (fintech) loans to tricycle drivers in the Philippines, addressing how fintech affects the welfare of the self-employed and contributes to the development of country's local...
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This report prepared by an Asia—Pacific Road Safety Observatory (APRSO) taskforce analyzes how improving crash and accident data collection can better protect lives on the region's roads. It looks at the type of data countries should prioritize and explains why bolstering data quality would help reach targets of halving road injuries and deaths. The report considers how other regions share crash statistics. APRSO recommends collecting aggregated...
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This manual sets out how to combine road safety audits with the International Road Assessment Programme methodology to form Star Ratings for Road Safety Audit. This ratings system will help policy makers and practitioners involved in designing, upgrading, and rehabilitating roads to meet safety targets and reduce injuries from traffic accidents.
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Most South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) countries rely on maritime transport for their international trade. Stronger maritime links are crucial for the subregion to achieve its economic growth potential. For example, improved ports and port access will create better connectivity with Southeast Asia, one of the world's fastest growing economic regions. However, enhanced cooperation among the seven SASEC countries is essential to strengthen...
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This report offers an analytical framework that allows for more systemic assessments of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and its applications. It examines the evolution and typology of the emergent technology, its existing and projected applications, and regulatory and policy issues that they entail. This report highlights the trends, concerns, and potential opportunities of DLTs, especially for Asian markets. It also identifies the benefits and...
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The Asian financial landscape has grown more interconnected over the past 2 decades. Previous financial crises have shown how financial volatility can transmit rapidly across an interconnected financial network. Empirical analyses have shown, moreover, how financial volatility can reverberate across the macro-economy. This report summarizes the lessons from past crises, reviews the evidence of the macro-financial linkages and feedback effects of financial...
10) An Analysis of the Product-Specific Rules of Origin of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnersh
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This publication compares the Product-Specific Rules of Origin (PSRO) of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with those of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). It contrasts the main rules of origin provisions of the three free trade agreements, then discusses differences and commonalities in how they were drafted. The study examines the...
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Asia and the Pacific continues to embrace financial technology advances that are reshaping the traditional banking and financial services industry. This is being done through the digitalization, decentralization, and disintermediation of economic transactions. This report tracks the progress of financial innovation in the region, and discusses its implications for financial inclusion and stability as well as its challenges. It also identifies key...
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This final volume of the Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor 2020 sets out ADB's work so far on a new composite index called the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Index (SME-DI) to help guide support for the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The SME-DI aims to measure MSME development and access to finance using multivariate analysis of national MSME data. The volume includes the results of testing...
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This report highlights how financial technology or fintech can be leveraged to improve health systems and outcomes. A "Fintech for Health" approach integrates digital financial services with health innovations to help solve health-care affordability, quality, and access challenges. It can be powerful in enabling people to gain access to health care and in preventing health-related bankruptcy. The report draws on examples of this approach from Indonesia,...
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Logistics plays an important role in agricultural production and supply-chain management, ultimately enhancing food safety and quality. Improvements in rural logistics help farmers to harvest and market crops more efficiently; and by facilitating communication, they serve to expand the markets for agricultural products. While recognizing the rapidly changing rural landscape in the People's Republic of China, the distribution of goods is still impeded,...
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This energy sector assessment, strategy, and road map documents the status and strategic priorities of the Government of the Philippines in the energy sector. It highlights sector performance, development constraints, government plans and strategies, past support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners, and the strategy for future ADB support in the energy sector. It also provides sector background information for investment...
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This report measures the skills gap among tourism industry workers and the resulting opportunity costs along the Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor in Central Asia. The skills gap analysis identifies an annual lack of about 8,500 trained professionals in the tourism industry along the region which is causing opportunity costs of more than $30 million per year. The Almaty–Bishkek Economic Corridor has an exceptional heritage and wealth of culture...
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This publication analyzes the risks of digital transformation and shows how context-aware and integrated risk management can advance the digitally resilient development projects needed to build a more sustainable and equitable future. The publication outlines ADB's digital risk assessment tools, looks at the role of development partners, and considers issues including cybersecurity, third-party digital risk management, and the ethical risks of artificial...
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Road asset management is one of the top priorities of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Transport and Trade Facilitation Strategy 2020. The implementation of performance-based road maintenance contracts (PBCs)-an essential element of road asset management-promotes effective and efficient maintenance of road networks. Well-designed PBCs keep roads in predefined good condition at relatively low cost. This guide aims to help policy...
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This publication presents the integration of a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in the revised Power Development Plan VII of Viet Nam. It demonstrates how incorporating an SEA into the planning process will produce plans that are based on a more thorough understanding of their implications for the economy, society, and environment of the country. Viet Nam's revised Power Development Plan VII is a model of good practice in integrating an SEA...
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This publication provides an overview of key development successes and constraints in Indonesia's energy sector. It reviews the support extended by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners together with an update on the government's energy plans and strategies. In line with ADB's 2020—2024 country partnership strategy for Indonesia, an outline of strategic initiatives and background information for energy investments and technical...
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