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St. Onuphrius was one of the Egyptian Desert Fathers who is helped lay the foundation of Eastern spirituality and monasticism in the 4th and 5th centuries, around the time that Christianity was emerging as the dominant faith of the Roman Empire. The name Onuphrius is thought to be a Hellenized form of a Coptic name Unnufer, from the Demotic Egyptian, meaning "perfect one", an epithet of the pagan god Osiris. There are two surviving accounts given...
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This is a short collection of the ecclesiastical works of the emperor Charles II the Bald during his Carolingian reform of the Frankish church. This includes documents relating to the coronation of the Emperor Judith, a charter for royal national synod, and chapters of French church law.
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This a collection of the councils of the Frankish & Visigothic realms that have surviving documents relating to their canons. This includes: 5th Council of Orleans (549 AD), Council of Auch (551 AD), 5th Council of Arles (554 AD), 3rd Council of Paris (557 AD), 1st Council of Braga (561 AD), 2nd Council of Lyon (567 AD), Council of Tours (567 AD), 3rd Council of Braga (572 AD), 1st Council of Mâcon (583 AD), 3rd Council of Lyon (583 AD), 2nd Council...
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This work, by the 5th century Syriac father St. Jacob of Serug, expands on the tradition that St. Thomas the Apostle built a palace in India for king Gondophares. This tradition is found elsewhere, in texts like the Acts of Thomas, as well as in the Ramban Pattu, which all account part of this legend. This texts by St. Jacob appears to be independent of the two aforementioned traditions, as it disagrees with some of the details of their account. This...
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During the Latin presence in the Holy Land in 12th and 13th century, contact was made between papal legates and the Armenian Apostolic Church in Cilicia (Armenia Minor). Among the various doctrinal exchanges that took place, and the brief lived union between Roman Catholics and Armenians, was this document, where common theological ground is specified by the reigning Roman Pope in Avignon. This theological common ground would be revisited during the...
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This is a small library of the ecclesiastical documents issued by the German king, Louis II, during his tenure over the eastern Frankish realm. This includes his work on Ecclesiastical Constitution, Chapters of law for the German church, and Chapters for the church in France and Aquitaine. These works represent a snapshot of the state of the Western church during the height of the Carolingian period.
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In nomine Domini is a papal bull written by Pope Nicholas II. The bull was issued on 13 April 1059 and caused major reforms in the system of papal election, most notably establishing the cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope, with the consent of minor clergy. It also start to help define the relationship that existed between the bishops of Rome and the Holy Roman Emperor.
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The Irish monk and scholar, Sedulius Scotus, lays out his vision of the moral and political obligations of the the ruler of a Christian nation. He draws his examples from the realm of both the biblical state of Judah, and also more recent issues of pious Roman Emperor in late antiquity. Sedulius lays out that argument that the monarch is obligated to maintained moral laws and guide his subjects towards some form of moral edification. Since he is composing...
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During the late Crusader period the Roman Catholic Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church attempted to establish an ecclesiastical union, under the auspices of similar doctrines and as a means of political alliance with the Latin held crusader states.This attempt at union was short-lived and merited little in terms of ecumenical dialogue. In 1341, Pope Benedict XII issues this document, serving as a polemic against members of the Armenian Church...
10) Refutations
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Refutations is the magnum opus of the Armenian bishop, Eznik of Kolb. In his work he lays out his argument regarding the nature and the presence of evil in the world, in contrast to the moral postulate of the Latin clergyman St. Augustine of Hippo. Eznik also refuses the Persian state religion, with a special emphasis on the issue of Zurvanism. This carries over as well on the argument levied against all dualistic thought, and against the Marcionist...
11) Apophthegmata
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The Apophthegmata (a collection of sayings) is a work long attributed to the Egyptian desert father, St. Macarius the Great, although it is almost certainly composed by one of his monastic disciples at Scetis. It contains 41 short saying, composed in remembrance of the old abbot. Most of these saying are imploring his listeners on the necessity of humility and the observance of virtue in daily life. Some autobiographical material is included in this...
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St. Ecgbert, a 8th century Anglo-Saxon bishop, attempts to explain to his congregation some of the more commonly asked questions that have been posed during his pastoral tenure over the church in York. Many of these questions relate directly to defining the role of the English clergy, and what authority that they possess. This work suggests that their was at least some concern for corruption in his bishopric, as many of his answers relate to the question...
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With the ascension of the Capetian dynasty in 987, certain church reforms took place to address some of the concerns relating to the various ecclesiastical institutions in the kingdom. At the forefront of this was the senior French churchmen, Abbo of Fleury, was able to lead changes to the various royal monasteries and bishoprics. This, at times, caused issues of royal prerogative over the French church, which resulted in this document, where Abbo...
14) Laws & Charters
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During his tenure of the English church, king Egdar sought sweeping reforms to the bishoprics and royal monasteries under his dominion. What follows here in this work is a collection of documents from his reign interceding directly with the governance of the English church and the establishment of monastic communities, as well as correspondence between the king as his senior advisor, St. Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury.
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'thelwold of Winchester is among the most famous Anglo-Saxon saints. During his lifetime he was the Bishop of Winchester and stood as one of the leaders of the tenth-century monastic reform movement with the English church, along with his peers, St. Dunstan and St. Oswald of Worcester. He remains as one of the major figure of the Anglo-Catholic Church and Church of England. St. Aethelwold also stands as one of the primary catalyst for the revival...
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St. Dunstan was an English saint and perhaps the most famous Archbishop of Canterbury. During the course of his lifetime, he was successively Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey, Bishop of Worcester, Bishop of London and later canonized. This work has long been attributed to the Anglo-Saxon author, Byrhtferth, although historically, it is unlikely to be from his pen. It does grant us a valuable historical source of his life, likely from about a century after...
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In 1454, Casimir, the king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania was approached by the Prussian Confederation for aid against the knights of the Teutonic Order. He granted them the proposition of separatist Prussian region under the protectorate of the Polish Kingdom. This resulted in the Thirteen Years War which lasted until 1466, but firmly brought Prussia under Polish suzerainty for the next two centuries and helped separate the Prussian nobility...
18) Two Works
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St. Dunstan is perhaps one of the most famous English saints of the late Anglo-Saxon period. He left behind two primary Latin works: 'A Regular Concord of the Monks of the English Nation' and 'An Epistle to Wulfsinus', both composed towards the end of his life in the 10th century. This work includes both the original Latin work, as well as the modern English translation as well.
19) Sigismund
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Prior to becoming Pope Pius II, Aeneas Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini, was a Italo-German politician working the Imperial circuit. He career brought him into the service of both papal legates and the ducal Hapsburg family, which then ruled Austria and Strasbourg. This composition, to Sigismund Hapsburg, was composed in 1443, when Aeneas was employed as a secretary for the Imperial chancellery. He appears to be extolling the values of education on the...
20) Church Laws
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After his defeat in 878, under the terms of his surrender to King Alfred the Great, Guthrum agreed to be baptized as a Christian and to convert his nation. He and Alfred draft these laws relating to the regulation of governance of the church in his dominion,all of which would later become incorporated into the later united Church of England during the medieval period. Guthrum would continue to rule over East Anglia under his baptismal name of 'thelstan...
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